POSTON, ARIZONA CONCENTRATION CAMP

President Truman's Amnesty Board Proclamation 2762

Harry S. Truman 1945-1953 Files

PROCLAMATION 2762

GRANTING PARDON TO CERTAIN PERSONS CONVICTED OF VIOLATING THE SELECTIVE TRAINING AND SERVICE ACT OF 1940 AS AMENDED

WHEREAS by Executive Order No. 9814 of December 23, 1946,(1) there was established the President's Amnesty Board, the functions and duties of which were set out in paragraph 2 of the said Executive order as follows:

"The Board, under such regulations as it may prescribe, shall examine and consider the cases of all persons convicted of violation of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 301 ff.), or of any rule or regulation prescribed under or pursuant to that Act, or convicted of a conspiracy to violate that Act or any rule or regulation prescribed under or pursuant thereto. In any case in which it deems it desirable to do so, the Board shall make a report to the Attorney General which shall include its findings and its recommendations as to whether Executive clemency should be granted or denied, and, in any case in which it recommends that Executive clemency be granted, its recommendations with respect to the form that such clemency should take. The Attorney General shall report the findings and recommendations of the Board to the President, with such further recommendations as he may desire to make."

and

WHEREAS the Board, after considering all cases coming within the scope of paragraph 2 of the said Executive order, has made a report to the Attorney General, which includes the findings of the Board and its recommendation that Executive clemency be granted in certain of such cases; and

WHEREAS the Attorney General has submitted such report to me with his approval of the recommendation made by the Board with respect to Executive clemency; and

WHEREAS upon consideration of the report and recommendation of the Board and the recommendation of the Attorney General, it appears that certain persons convicted of violating the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 as amended ought to have restored to them the political, civil, and other rights of which they were deprived by reason of such conviction and which may not be restored to them unless they are pardoned:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United States of America, under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by Article II of the Constitution of the United States, do hereby grant a full pardon to those persons convicted of violating the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 as amended whose names are included in the list of names attached hereto and hereby made a part of this proclamation.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the City of Washington this 23rd day of December in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and seventy-second. [SEAL]

HARRY S. TRUMAN

By the President:

ROBERT A. LOVETT,
Acting Secretary of State.

(1) 3 CFR 1946 Supp.

LIST OF NAMES

Name, Date Convicted and U.S. District Court

10. Akim, Alfred, May 29, 1942, Hawaii.
11. Akutsu, Hitoshi Gene, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
12. Akutsu, Jim Hajime, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.

22. Amate, Atsushi Archie, Oct. 8, 1945, Colorado.

38. Asai, Dix Takuro, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.
39. Asai, Fred Teruo, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.

344. Eto, Yukio, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
385. Fujihara, Shiro, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
386. Fujii, John Jiro, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
387. Fujii, Shigeru, May 26, 1944, Wyoming.
388. Fujimoto, Albert Kenji, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
389. Fujinaka, Tatsuo George, Feb. 21, 1945, So. Idaho.
390. Fujioka, Tom Tamotsu, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
391. Fujioka, Yasuto, Nov. 8, 1946, Arizona.
392. Fujita, Hideo Frank, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
393. Fujiwara, Hideyuki Henry, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
394. Fujizawa, Teruo, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
396. Furusaki, Joseph, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.

413. Get, Lim Sing, Dec. 11, 1943, No. California.

429. Goishi, Kazuto Jimmy, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.

474. Han, Paul Ba Wool Han, Jan. 26, 1945, Hawaii.

487. Hashimoto, Masaru, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
489. Hatakeda, Jimmie Junichi, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.

497. Hayami, Yoshito Smith, Oct.r 2, 1944, Idaho.

520. Heya, James Kenji, June 30, 1944, Colorado.

525. Higuchi, Mutsuo, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.

533. Hino, Bob Riyusho, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
534. Hino, Frank Schinichi, Feb. 22, 1945, So. Idaho.
535. Hirabayashi, Gordon Kiyoshi, Nov. 30, 1944, E. Wash.
536. Hirabayashi, Henry Nobuo, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
537. Hirabayashi, Irvin Masanobu, Nov. 4, 1944, Utah.
538. Hirai, Toru, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
539. Hiramoto, Shizuto, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
540. Hirata, Tomoharu Henry, May 20, 1944, E. Arkansas.
541. Hirayama, Susumu Harold, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
542. Hirose, Kazuki, July 9, 1945, Wyoming
543. Hirose, Kazuto, July 26, 1944, Wyoming.
544. Hiroshige, Akira, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

552. Honda, Selichi, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
553. Hoopai, William Kahalewai, Nov. 9, 1942, Hawaii.

557. Hora, Sadao, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
558. Hori, Takeshi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
559. Horino, George Minoru, July 9, 1945, Wyoming
560. Hoshizaki, Takashi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

573. Ide, Takao Grant, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
574. Ikemiya, Joe Yoshikazi, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
575. Ikemiya, Masaru Jim, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
576. Ikemoto, Harry Yoshiaki, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
577. Imai, Masefumi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
578. Inaba, Hitoshi, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.
580. Ino, Toru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
581. Inoue, Chozo, Jan. 2, 1943, Hawaii.
582. Inouye, George Washington, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
583. Ioka, Harry Schuichi, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.
585. Ishikawa, George, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
586. Ishikawa, Kiyoshi, June 26, 1944.
587. Ishikawa, Suetsugu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming
588. Ishikawa, Takeo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
589. Ishikawa, Yoshimitsu, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.
590. Ishimaru, Junichi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming
591. Ishimaru, Yutaka, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
592. Ishimoto, George Kenichi, Oct. 8, 1945, Colorado.
593. Ishimoto, Harry Kenji, Oct 8, 1945, Colorado.
594. Ishimoto, Takao, Oct 8, 1945, Colorado.
595. Ishizaki, Sam Isamu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
596. Isomura, Iwaharu, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado
597. Ito, Hideo, June 30, 1944, Colorado
599. Izuno, Masaichi, June 30, 1944, Colorado.

648. Kado, James Yoshio, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
649. Kajimura, Hareo, Sept 25, 1944, Idaho.
650. Kajimura, Tsutomu, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
651. Kaminaka, Joe, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
652. Kaminaka, Tamotsu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
653. Kanaga, Keith C., Dec 2, 1940, Mass.
654. Kariya, Masashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
655. Kariya, Yoneo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

658. Kasahara, George Shigaki, Dec 29, 1944, Idaho.
659. Kashiwagi, Joe, Oct 31, 1944, Colorado.

664. Katayama, Shigeru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

667. Kauwe, John Pohuwe, May 12, 1942, Hawaii.
668. Kawahara, Katsuyoshi, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
669. Kawakami, Frank Masao, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
670. Kawaki, Mosayuki, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
671. Kawamoto, David Tetsutaro, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
672. Kawamoto, James Takao, April 1, 1946, Arizona.
673. Kawamoto, Kiyoshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
674. Kawasaki, Jimmie, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
675. Kawasaki, Kiyoto, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
676. Kawasaki, Thomas Tomeji, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
677. Kawato, Yukio, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
678. Kaya, Larry Yoshio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
680. Keawe, Daniel, Aug 18, 1942, Hawaii.

688. Kelwyma, George, Aug 12, 1943, Arizona.
689. Kenmotsu, Shigeo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

698. Kimura, Frank Yoshimatsu, Oct 2, 1944, Iowa.
699. Kimura, Hideo, July 21, 1942, Hawaii.
700. Kimura, Jim Tatsuya, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

703. Kinoshita, Teruo, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
705. Kishi, Masakiyo Michael, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
706. Kitasaki, Kiyoshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
707. Kitauchi, Masaichi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
708. Kitayama, Kaoru, Feb 22, 1945, Idaho.
710. Kiyomizu, Shozo, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.

717. Kodama, George Katsumi, Feb 21, 1945, Idaho.
718. Kodama, Lui Ikuyo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
719. Kofuksado, Mitsugi, Oct 17, 1942, Hawaii.
720. Koga, Dix K., Feb 6, 1942, No. California.
721. Kojima, Masao, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

726. Koshiyama, Mitsuru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming

733. Kubo, Tomeo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
734. Kubo, Yoshi, Oct 30, 1944, Colorado.
736. Kujawa, Anthony, July 20, 1944, Eastern New York.
738. Kumada, Kazuo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
739. Kuramoto, Yutaka Ted, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
740. Kuranaga, Heruytuki, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
741. Kurasaki, George Noboru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
742. Kuromiya, Yoshita, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
743. Kuroye, Kenneth, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
744. Kuwada, Makoto Jim, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
745. Kuwahara, John Takashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

761. Lausa, Philip, Jan 12, 1943, Hawaii.

817. Maruhashi, Hutaka Frank, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
818. Maruyama, Kenichi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
819. Maruyama, Shigeo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
820. Maruyama, Yukio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
822. Masukawa, Kitashi John, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
823. Masukawa, Tsutomu Tom, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
825. Matsuba, George Kazuo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
826. Matsubara, Sadao, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona
827. Matsumoto, Akira, June 26, 144, Wyoming.
828. Matsumoto, Minoru Corky, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
829. Matsumoto, Teruo, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
830. Matsumoto, Toshimitsu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
831. Matsushita, Kikuji, Oct 9, 1945, Wyoming.
832. Matsuura, Frank Morikazu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
833. Matsuzaki, Frank T., Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.

837. Mayekawa, Masao, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

864. Meng, Charles Joseph, June 2, 1943, Western Penn..

873. Minatani, James Masaichi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
874. Minato, Kiyoshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
875. Minoura, Halley, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

879. Mitsuoka, Mitsuru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
880. Miyahara, Tamio Tom, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
881. Miyamura, Koyoshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
882. Miyasaki, James Goro, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
883. Miyasaki, Masanobo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
884. Miyasaki, Thomas Shiro, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

896. Mori, Hiroyoshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
897. Mori, Chigeo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
898. Mori, Sutio Bill, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
899. Morikawa, Hiroshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
901. Morine, Robert Harold, Feb 17, 1943, Hawaii.
902. Morita, Ichiro, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

906. Motonaga, Ray Yoshio, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

910. Murata, George Matsuji, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
911. Murata, Paul Selichi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
922. Nagahara, Masao, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
923. Nagakura, Hiroshi Nakamura, Jan 18, 1943, Hawaii.
924. Nagasugi, Hiroto, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
925. Nagata, Kunio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
926. Naha, Lewis Kooyouhema, Aug 12, 1943, Arizona.
927. Naito, Takashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
928. Nakada, Carl Koaru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
929. Nakagawa, George, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
930. Nakagawa, George, April 28, 1945, No. California.
931. Nakaguma, Yoshitatusu, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
932. Nakahira, Satoru Joseph, Nov 18, 1944, Utah.
933. Nakamura, Jerry Masao, Jan 19, 1943, Hawaii.
934. Nakamura, Migaki, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
935. Nakamuri, Kazumi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
936. Nakasaki, William Harumi, May 22, 1944, Arizona.
937. Nakashiki, Kaiso Fred, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
938. Nakashima, Yoneo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
939. Nakashina, Isao, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
940. Nakatsu, George, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
941. Nakayama, Iwao James, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
942. Nakayama, Masakaz, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
944. Naruto, Tochiharu Frank, Jan 19, 1945, Colorado.

956. Nii, Harry, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
957. Niino, George Schigehi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
959. Nimura, Takanori, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
960. Nishi, Itaro, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
961. Nishimura, Robert Nubuo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
963. Nobuhiro, Ben Tsutomu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
965. Noel, Bernard Woodrow, Aug 3, 1942, Arizona.
966. Noguchi, Tsutomu Ben, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
968. Norikane, Joe Hajime, Oct 31, 1944, Colorado.

972. Nosaka Kanichi, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
974. Nozawa, George Goro, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
976. Numoto, Saburo, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.

980. Ogata, Ben Tsutomi, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
981. Ogata, Hisashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
982. Okada, Masao Ted, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
983. Okawa, Ichiro, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
984. Okazaki, Kiyoshi, July 6, 1942, Hawaii.
985. Okazaki, Satoru Fred, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
986. Oki, Tadashi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
987. Oki, Yoshio Tom, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
988. Okuma, Toru Fred, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
989. Okumura, Hideo, March 27, 1944, Arizona.

999. Omori, John Takashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1000. Omoto, Nubuo, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
1001. Omoto, Roy Yasuo, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.

1004. Otsu, Ninoru, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
1007. Oye, Hiromu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1008. Ozawa, Yoshikazu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

1145. Sakaguchi, Kunichika, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
1146. Sakaguchi, Sumio, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
1148. Sakamoto, Hisanari, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1149. Sakamoto, Hisatoshi Harry, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1150. Sakaniwa, Michio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1151. Sakata, Tom Minoru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1152. Sako, James Satoru, June 16, 1944, Wyoming.
1153. Sako, Tamotsu Tom, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1184. Segura, John Frank, June 2, 1942, Colorado.

1199. Shibata, Takeo, June 20, 1944, E. Arkansas.
1200. Shigemasa, George Takeshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1201. Shimada, Harry Masao, Jan 9, 1943, Hawaii.
1202. Shimane, Chester Toru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1203. Shimane, Fred Katsumi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1204. Shimane, George Fujio, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1205. Shimane, Isamu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1206. Shimane, June, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1207. Shimizu, Mineto, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1208. Shimizu, Sunao Mike, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1209. Shimpo, Toshio Tom, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1211. Shinta, Kengi, June 26, 1941, Wyoming.
1212. Shinzu, Osamu Sam, June 20, 1944, E. Arkansas.

1293. Sugihara, George Jiro, Jan 25, 1946, Utah.
1294. Sugita, George, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1295. Sugita, Toyoji, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1296. Suko, Shoji, Oct 23, 1944, Idaho.

1299. Sumi, Noboru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1300. Sumi, Sachio Bill, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1301. Sumida, ken Kenroku, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1302. Sumida, Robert Masashi, June 22, 1945, Montana.
1303. Suzuki, Attushi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1304. Suzuki, Masayo, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1305. Suzuki, Shizumi, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1312. Taege, Everett Clarence, Sept 21, 1942, Nebraska.
1313. Taguma, Norboru, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1314. Tainaka, Kenichi Ken, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1315. Tajii, Gengo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1316. Tajii, Kingo, June 11, 1945, Arizona.
1317. Takahashi, George Toshiharu, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1318. Takhashi, Teruo Slim, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1319. Takamoto, George Shihio, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1320. Takamoto, Yoshio, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1321. Takasaki, Noboru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1322. Takashima, Mamoru, Feb 20, 1945, Idaho.
1323. Takeguma, Hideichi, June 11, 1945, Arizona.
1324. Takeuchi, Hideo, Oct 30, 1944, Colorado.
1325. Tamashiro, Masanobu, Dec 21, 1942, Hawaii.
1326. Tamashiro, Shunsho, Oct 24, 1942, Hawaii.
1327. Tamesa, Minola, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1328. Tanabe, George Naoichi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1329. Tanabe, Shigeharu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1330. Tanahara, Deo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1331. Tanaka, Leo Riniche, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1333. Tashiro, Frank Kiyoshi, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.

1356. Tono, Jack Kiyoto, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

1365. Tsunoda, Ken, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1366. Tsuyuki, Sumio, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

1375. Uyechi, Joe Kejo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1376. Uyeda, George Susumu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1377. Uyeda, James Tsutomu, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1378. Uyeda, Riyuo, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1379. Uyeda, Roy Masao, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1380. Uyemoto, Terry Teruo, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
1381. Uyenura, Torao, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1382. Uyeno, Shigero, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

1418. Watanabe, Hirom, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1479. Yamada, Fumio Bill, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1480. Yamada, Samuel, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1481. Yamakawa, Toyoji, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1482. Yamakido, Joe Atsumi, Oct 24, 1944, Eastern Ark.
1483. Yamamato, Yukio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1484. Yamamoto, Yutaka, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1485. Yamamura, Masakazu, Sept 25, 1944, Idaho.
1486. Yamasaki, Hedio Frank, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
1487. Yamasaki, Junichi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1488. Yamauchi, Hiroshi, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
1489. Yamauchi, Sosuki, Dec 27, 1944, Hawaii.
1490. Yamazumi, George Katamori, July 18, 1944, Colorado.
1491. Yanagisako, Edward Hiromu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1492. Yano, Ben, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
1493. Yasuda, Kentaro, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
1494. Yasuda, Minoru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1495. Yenokida, Susumu, June 30-, 19044, Colorado.
1496. Yenokida, Tsutumo Ben, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
1498. Yokoyama, Harry Shoji, Oct 20, 1941, Hawaii.
1499. Yoneo, Domon, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1500. Yoshida, George Maseo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1501. Yoshida, Kei, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1502. Yoshida, Kenichiro Mike, Nov 4, 1944, Utah.
1503. Yoshida, Sakaye, Nov 4, 1944, Utah.
1504. Yoshida, Shingo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1505. Yoshimura, Fumio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1506. Yoshimura, John Yoshikiko, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1507. Yoshimura, Niro Dick, Sept 30, 1944, Idaho.

1510. Young, Lee Daniel, Aug 15, 1944, So. California.

1513. Yumen, Ben Tsutomi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

Source: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/proclamations/index.php

Army Enlistment and Leave Clearance Registration and Question 28

On January 28, 1943, Secretary of War Stimson announced that the War Department would soon create an all Nisei combat team to be composed of volunteer Japanese-Americans including many from relocation centers. In connection with the call for volunteers, it was decided to conduct a special registration of male Nisei, 17 years of age and over, at all relocation centers, and to use the forms obtained as a basis for determining eligibility of volunteers for service in the combat team, for certifying individuals as eligible for work in defense industries, to facilitate WRA leave clearance, and to facilitate the possible future drafting of Nisei. For this purpose the War Department, in cooperation with WRA, devised a special 4-page questionnaire, Statement of United States Citizen of Japanese Ancestry, DSS Form 304A.

Using as a model the questionaire worked out by the Army, WRA revised a form previously in use, Application for Leave Clearance, for the leave clearance registration of all other center residents. This form was known as WRA-126 Rev., War Relocation Authority Application for Leave Clearance.

Although there were 28 questions on DSS Form 304A and 33 on WRA-126 Rev., the question which is summarized in this section, the so-called loyalty question, is number 28 on both forms. Soon after registration began, a substitute question for aliens was sent to all centers.

Question 28 on Form DSS 304A for male citizens 17 years of age and over is as follows:

"Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, or any other foreign government, power, or organization?"

Question 28 on form WRA-126 Rev. for female citizens 17 years of age and over is as follows:

" Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, or any other foreign government, power or organization?"

Revised Question 28 on Form WRA-126 Rev. for all aliens 17 years of age and over is as follows:

"Will you swear to abide by the laws of the United States and to take no action which would in any way interfere with the war effort of the United States?"

All "qualified" answers have been combined inasmuch as the intent sees to be the same: "No, unless...", or "Yes, if....."

TABLE 74. FINAL REGISTRATION RESULTS ON DSS FORM 304A AND FORM WRA-126 REV.

NOTE: Refers to final replies to Question 28 for all evacuees 17 years of age and over who resided in Colorado River WRA Center during February and March of 1943 when the Army Enlistment and WRA Leave Clearance Registration program was carried out. Final replies reflect changes from original answers submitted between date of registration and Sept 1943. Also included in tables are evacuees who were registered between March and Sept 1943 as they reached the age of 17.

Colorado River Center (Poston) Total Eligible to Register: 12,644

Male citizens...................................... 3,474

Female citizens................................. 3,274

Male aliens........................................ 3,496

Female aliens................................... 2,400

Did Not Register: ..................................... 0

Answer to Question # 28

Male citizens:

Yes.................................................... 2,858

Qualified Answer............................... 115

No........................................................ 501

Did not answer ...................................... 0

Unknown................................................. 0

Female citizens:

Yes..................................................... 3,119

Qualified Answer .................................22

No.......................................................... 117

Did not answer ....................................16

Unknown ................................................0

Male aliens
Yes.....................................................3,478

Qualified Answer.................................. 0

No ..........................................................12

Did not answer...................................... 6

Unknown ................................................0

Female aliens
Yes .................................................. 2,388

Qualified Answer................................. 3

No............................................................ 4

Did not answer..................................... 5

Unknown................................................0

Source: The Evacuated People A Quantitative Description. U.S. Department of the Interior, J.A. Krug, Secretary, War Relocation Authority D.S. Myer, Director. 1946

Reportable Diseases at the Centers

NOTE: "Colorado River" (also called Poston) was the name frequently used by the WRA.

Selected reportable diseases are compiled from monthly Public Health Reports, Form WRA-242, submitted by centers. While most of the material is taken from a section called Communicable Diseases, additional information for such diseases as syphilis, tuberculosis, coccidiomycosis and food poisoning has been obtained from a section on hospitalization and from the narrative section; this has not been attempted for such diseases as pneumonia and influenza. Additional information for typhoid fever, dysentery and cerebrospinal meningitis has been collected from causes of death on death certificates. No information except number of cases, center, and date of report is available.

The first center reports cover the month of Oct 1942 for all centers except Gila River which series begins with Nov, and Colorado River, which did not submit a report until it came under the exclusive jurisdiction of WRA in July 1943. For centers other than Colorado River, the time uncovered prior to submission of the first report ranges from 0 months to 4. Last reports for 2 of the centers and one 6 months (Tule Lake). Exclusive of Jerome whose last report covers the month of closure, 4 of the last reports are for Sept 1945 (Central Utah, Heart Mountain, Minidoka and Tule Lake), and 5 are for Oct (Colorado River, Gila River, Granada, Manzanar and Rohwer).

Variation in which diseases were reported and in the completeness of reporting is evident here as it is country-wide. The following examples are cited:

Syphilis: All 412 cases were reported by 7 centers.

Gonococcus Infection: Of the 52 cases, 44 were reported by Minidoka.

Tuberculosis: The number of cases reported ranged from 153 from Colorado River to 10 from Tule Lake.

Influenza: Minidoka and Tule Lake did not report cases and of the 2,197 reported in 1943, 1,146 were from Central Utah and 888 from Jerome.

Pneumonia: Manzanar and Minidoka did not report cases.

Conjunctivitis: Jerome reported 394 cases with only 3 other centers reporting any cases (Colorado River 145, Minidoka 3, Rohwer 10, and Tule Lake 6).

Dermatophytosis: All 109 cases reported in 1944 were from Colorado River.

Coccidiomycosis: The 30 cases were hospitalized at Gila River in 1942.

Trachoma: Heart Mountain did not report any cases and Colorado River reported 30.

Typhoid fever: 2 cases were reported from Jerome (Aug & Sept 1943) and Gila River (Sept 1942 and Aug 1943), and 1 case from Heart Mountain (Aug 1945).

Diptheria: 5 cases of diphtheria were reported from Heart Mountain, 2 from Gila River and 1 each from Jerome and Minidoka.

Malaria: 12 of the 14 cases came from Jerome with 1 each from Granada and Tule Lake.

Meningococcus meningitis: The 5 cases were reported from Gila River, Granada, Heart Mountain, Jerome and Tule Lake (2).

Poliomyelitis: 13 of the 19 cases came from Gila River, 5 from Granada and 1 from Colorado River.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: 1 case was reported from Minidoka

Actinomycosis: 1 case of actinomycosis from Manzanar.

Food Poisoning: 199 cases in 1942 were persons hospitalized at Minidoka during Sept and Oct with the causative organism traced to the salmonella group; 53 cases at Granada in 1943 were reported to be caused by contaminated shrimp.

Source: The Evacuated People A Quantitative Description. U.S. Department of the Interior, J.A. Krug, Secretary, War Relocation Authority D.S. Myer, Director. 1946

Student Relocation

Beginnings of Student Relocation

The rather special problem represented by the Nisei college students was noted as early as March 8 (1942) by a small group of educators and YMCA and YWCA people in the San Francisco Bay area and was brought more sharply into focus on March 19 (1942) by the preliminary report of the Congressional Committee investigating the evacuation under the chairmanship of Representative John H. Tolan. At least a week before the freeze order became effective, a Student Relocation Committee was formed on the campus of the University of California at Berkeley and rough plans were drawn up for facilitating the transfer of Nisei student to midwestern and eastern institutions. On the very day of the Salt Lake City conference this movement was given further impetus when President Robert G. Sprout of the University of California wrote to Representative Tolan calling attention to the problem and indicating that he planned to submit proposals for solving it to the government agencies concerned.

Meanwhile, the Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA) had been receiving requests for exemptions for a number of mixed Caucasian and Japanese families who wished to remain in the evacuated area and from the number of other Nisei who wanted to leave the area at once and join family members or continue their higher education father east. At a conference in San Francisco on April 11, (1942) this whole question was discussed by representatives of the War Relocation Authority (WRA) and WCCA, and a tentative plan for handling the exemption requests was agreed upon. Although WCCA was mainly concerned about the mixed family cases, it also felt--and WRA concurred--that permits should be given in a few especially deserving cases to students and others for immediate travel eastward.

On May 5, (1942) Director (Milton) Eisenhower, who had been seriously concerned about the plight of the Nisei students from the beginning of the program, wrote a letter to Mr. Clarence Pickett of the American Friends Service Committee recommending the formation of a nongovernmental agency to deal with the problem of student relocation. Eleven days later Mr. Pickett responded favorable, and on May 29, (1942) the National Student Relocation Council was formed at a meeting in Chicago attended by college and university officials from almost every section of the country. The council, organized practically on the verge of June commencement at most institutions, was to concern itself throughout the summer primarily with the problem of facilitating Nisei student transfers in time for the opening of the academic term in the fall. But throughout April and early May its predecessor organization, the West Coast Student Relocation Committee, had already helped about 75 Nisei students to move out and resume their studies, almost without a break, at school and colleges lying east of the exclusion zone.

Relocation Advisor at Poston

Source: WRA. A Story of Human Conservation. U.S. Department of the Interior. J. A. Krug, Secretary. War Relocation Authority, D.S. Myer, Director. 1946

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Julia A. Goto (Poston 222-6-B), former Fresno State sophomore, majoring in pre-nursing, was the first to leave Poston to attend (Colorado) College. 7/1942

Helen K. Kazato (Poston block 227), left to attend Smith College at North Hampton, Mass. 10/1942

Kiyo Sato (Poston 229-11-AB), left to attend college at Hillsdale, Michigan 10/1942

Grace Watanabe (Poston block 215) formerly of the Novel Hut (Library) staff, left to continue school in Evanston, Illinois. 3/26/1943

Chizu Nagareda (Poston block 32), formerly pre-school instructor at block 17, left to enroll at the University of Colorado, Denver. 9/9/1942

George Matsumoto (Poston block 306), formerly of San Francisco, left to attend George Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, majoring in Architecture. 9/9/1942

Girl Scouts

Camp 1 Girl Scouts

Camp 2 Girls Scouts. March 1945. First row, (L-R): Teiko Oka, Emie Yuki, Kuni Ohara, Mayumi Yasumoto, Nancy Inokuchi. Back row (L-R): Akiko Nakagawa, Marion Nakamura, Sally Endo, May Gyotoku, and Leader Momo Iwakiri.

(Photo credit: M. Nakamura Masada.)

The Girl Scouts were organized in 1942 with Poston camp 2 taking the lead. By December 12, 1942, 12 troops were active. Eventually, 4 troops were established in camp 3 and 11 in camp I.

There were 18 leaders and 10 other adults, both evacuee and appointed personnel who volunteered to work with the Girl Scout groups.

The Girl Scouts of Poston were affiliated with the Regional Girl Scout Headquarters in Palo Alto, California. Miss Vaal Stark, Regional Director of Girl Scouts, visited the center on at least one occasion. A Girl Scout representative took part in the Youth Conference in April, 1945. She worked directly with the leaders and troops and provided a very much needed stimulus.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Girl Scouts

Yone Yamaguchi was selected leader of Poston III's Girl Scout troop of 20 members. Next meeting will be Sept. 26, 4 p.m. and alternating Saturdays thereafter.

Source: Poston Chronicles, September 15, 1942

Selective Service Violations by Disposition & Reported Casualties

Table 50. Selective Service Violations by Disposition: Japanese Americans at WRA Center Who Refused to Report for Physical Examination or for Induction.
1/20/1944-11/30/1945

Colorado River Center Total: 112 violations

Charges Dismissed: 0

Awaiting Trial

-In Jail: 1

-Released on bond: 0

Volunteered prior indictment: 6

TO TRIAL

-Convicted: 106

-Released: 0

Table 50 reflects in part evacuee reaction against the reestablishment of Selective Service resulting from a feeling that Japanese Americans had been denied many of their constitutional rights and that, if inducted, certain discriminations would still be practiced against them. Of the 315 total arrests from all 10 WRA Centers Selective Service violations, 263 resulted in convictions and 28 releases.

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Table 51. Reported Casualties by Location of Next of Kin: Japanese American Soldiers Who Resided in or Whose Next of Kin Resided in a WRA Center, November 30, 1945

NOTE: This report is limited to (1) casualties reported to center administrative personnel as having occurred to soldier members of evacuee families; and (2) casualties carried in War Department Releases and identified as having occurred to soldiers who resided in or whose next of kin resided in a WRA Center. Numbers in this report refer to individuals suffering casualties. i.e., a soldier wounded two or more times is carried as one casualty.

Location of Next of Kin: Colorado River

TOTAL: 104 casualties

Killed: 16

Wounded: 86

Missing: 2

Source: War Department Casualty Releases and Reports from WRA Centers.

Source: "The Evacuated People A Quantitative Description. U.S. Department of the Interior. J.A. Krug, Secretary. War Relocation Authority D.S. Myer, Director. 1946

Inductions into Armed Forces

Table 49. Inductions into Armed Forces: Japanese Americans Inducted From WRA Centers. From Inception to Closing

NOTE: This report is limited to those WRA center residents and relocated evacuees visiting at centers who were inducted directly from centers, and excludes (1) evacuees inducted prior to evacuation, (2) relocated evacuees volunteering and called by Selective Services who did not return to a center for induction.

(War Department Releases indicate that between November 1940 and December 1945, 25,778 Japanese Americans were inducted into the Armed Forces--436 officers, and 25,340 enlisted men--with the estimated 13,528 from the mainland and 12,250 from Hawaii.)

Colorado River Center Total.......... 611

Volunteered prior to1/20/1944.......116....(1)

Inducted after 1/20/1944................. 495.....(2)

(1) Does not include volunteers not accepted for service.

(2) Includes volunteers and Selective Service inductions (Selective Service was re-established for Japanese Americans on 1/20/1944)

Source: Reports from WRA Centers

Table 49 presents the number of Nisei volunteers who were accepted for service prior to the reestablishment of Selective Service on 1/20/1944, and the number inducted from the WRA center after the reestablishment of Selective Service. The first category is limited to those evacuees whose final departure from a relocation center was for evacuees who entered the services after they had relocated. The latter category refers to actual inductions from the WRA center and includes a limited number of relocated evacuees visiting at centers who were inducted directly from the center.

Source: "The Evacuated People A Quantitative Description. U.S. Department of the Interior. J.A. Krug, Secretary. War Relocation authority D.S. Myer, Director. 1946

Section VI Nisei in the Armed Forces

On June 17, 1942, the War Department discontinued the induction of Japanese Americans, commonly called Nisei, into the armed forces, and accordingly all Nisei were classified IV-C (not acceptable for service because of ancestry). However, at that time there were several thousand citizens of Japanese descent from Hawaii and the mainland who were already in the Army.

It soon became apparent that there was a need for citizens of Japanese descent for teaching the fundamentals of the Japanese language to officers of Military Intelligence, and in other capacities as translators and interpreters. The policy adopted in June 1942 was modified in the late fall of the same year, and about 160 Nisei volunteers were recruited from the various WRA centers.

With the announcement by the Secretary of War that the Army had decided to form a special Nisei combat team, a recruitment program was conducted in February and March under Army supervision at all relocation centers resulting in 1,208 volunteers from the ten centers. The Nisei accepted from these volunteers joined with several thousand volunteers simultaneously recruited from the Hawaiian Islands and with several hundred who enlisted on the mainland outside of the WRA centers to form the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in April 1943.

The Secretary of War announced that American citizens of Japanese descent were again subject to involuntary induction through the Selective Service system effective January 20, 1944. It was later ruled that Japanese Americans at the Tule Lake Segregation Center would not be subject to Selective Service. It was not until November 18, 1944, that Selective Service set up procedures permitting voluntary induction of Japanese nationals.

WRA had little to do with the actual administration of the Selective Service in the relocation centers. For the most part it was handled according to Selective Service procedure with WRA officials acting as liaison with local draft boards, supplying information to the evacuees when needed, and sometimes furnishing transportation.

An attempt was made to keep as accurate records as possible on the disposition of all persons called or volunteering after January 20, 1944, including only those called or volunteering at a WRA center or persons returning to a center prior to reporting for physical examination or induction. As a result, records were collected for some 6,173 persons called or volunteering, 2,795 of whom were inducted from WRA centers, 852 were placed in Class 1-A who left the center before their final status was determined, 1,446 were rejected, 315 were arrested for refusal to report for induction or physical examination, and the remainder represented those who were unable to report for pre-induction physical examinations or for induction or active duty because they had relocated before their status was determined or because of illness, etc. No report was received from the local Selective Service boards on some 241 persons who were called.

The publication, "442nd Combat Team", complied by members of the 442nd and published by the Information and Education Section of the War Department, summarized casualties to the 442nd (which included the famous 100th Battalion) in the summer of 1945 as follows:

Killed in action...................569

Died of wounds.................. 81

Wounded or injured.....3,713

Missing in action.................67

______

TOTAL............................ 4,430

This is not a complete report on Japanese American casualties in the European theater inasmuch as Nisei soldiers served with many groups other than the 442nd. Neither does it include Nisei casualties in the Pacific Theater which must have been considerable as War Department figures indicated that there were some 3,000 Nisei serving in the Pacific on V-J Day.

The publication, "442nd Combat Team" referred to above, lists decorations and citations presented up to August 7, 1945, as follows:

Distinguished Unit Citation.................... 3

Distinguished Service Cross................42

Distinguished Service Medal .................1

Legion of Merit..........................................13

Silver Star ...............................................249

Oak Leaf Cluster to Silver Star............. 5

Soldiers Medal ........................................ 11

Bronze Star ............................................579

Oak Leaf Cluster to Bronze Star ........ 24

Army Commendation ............................13

Division Commendation ...................... 62

TOTAL ............................1,002

Since that time the Combat Team has been awarded four more Distinguished Unit Citations, one Congressional Medal of Honor, and numerous other citations, including Silver and Bronze Stars.

Source: "The Evacuated People A Quantitative Description. U.S. Department of the Interior. J.A. Krug, Secretary. War Relocation authority D.S. Myer, Director. 1946

Statistics 4

Table 1. Total WRA Custody By General Source Of Original Admission & Assignment. Persons under Jurisdiction of WRA from Inception to Closing

NOTE: Accounts for total number of individuals coming under jurisdiction of WRA for the first time. Since transfers between centers are not reflected, center totals in this table are not equal to center total in Table 2. See Table 3 for detailed source of admission and assignment, including transfers from centers.

Colorado River Total Custody 15,266

From WCCA

Total: 17,977

-Assembly Center: 6,020

-Direct evacuation:11,738

Institution

Admitted: 69

Seasonal work

Total: 150

-Admitted: 8

-Assigned: 142

From Hawaii

Total: 0

-Direct Evacuation: 0

-Exclusion: 0

From Department of Justice Internment & Detention: 469

Voluntary Resident: 27

Births: 662

Information source: WRA Final Report Series. The Evacuated People, A Quantitative Description, United States Department of the Interior, J.A. Kurg, Secretary, War Relocation Authority, D.S. Myer, Director. 1946.

Statistics 3

TABLE 3. Population Accountability by Specific Type of Original Admission

(Including Transfer from Center) and Assignment from Inception to Closing

NOTE; Accounts for all evacuees who were ever induced into or assigned to a WRA center from inception to closing, including transfers from other centers, and accounts for all other persons under general custody of WRA.

WRA Center Custody

Including Transfer from Center 19,534

Excluding Transfer from Center 19,266

Admitted to Center: 19,392

From WCCA: 17,835

Assembly Center 6,020

Fresno 9

Mayer 247

Pinedale 693

Pomona 9

Puyallup 3

Sacramento 7

Salinas 3,459

Santa Anita 1,573

Stockton 5

Tanforan 13

Tulare 2

Direct Evacuation 11,738

Institution 69

Mental 4

Penal 3

Other 62

Seasonal Work 8

From Dept of Justice Internment & Detention 469

Voluntary Resident 27

Births at WRA Center 662

Transfer from Center 268

Central Utah 7

Gila River 67

Granada 32

Heart Mountain 40

Jerome 13

Manzanar 60

Minidoka 11

Rohwer 7

Tule Lake 31

Assigned to Center 142

From WCCA via Seasonal work 142

(Includes persons released by WCCA from assembly centers and direct evacuation areas on work furloughs who were transferred to the custody of WRA on October 31, 1942, and who were never induced into the center to which they were assigned.

Total Custody: 120,1313 individuals

(Includes persons never inducted into or assigned to a WRA center who were under general custody of the WRA.)

Statistics 2

Table 4. Population Accountability by Specific Type of Final Departure & Leave Status (Including Transfer to Center)

NOTE: Accounts for all evacuees who were ever inducted into or assigned to a WRA center from inception to closing, including transfers to other centers, and accounts for all other persons under general custody of WRA.

WRA Center Custody

Including Transfer to Center 19,534

Excluding Transfer to Center 17,707

Final Departure-Center Residents 19,392

Indefinite Leave 5,684

Relocation Purposes 5,029

Community Invitation (2) 1,226

Education (1) 131

Employment (3) 1,829

Join or Accompany Family (4) 1,639

Mixed Marriage Release (5) 109

Return to Free Area (6) 95

Armed Forces (7) 368

Institution (8) 29

Mental 11

Penal 12

Other 6

Department of Justice Internment (9) 222

Internment 18

Voluntary Internment 204

To Japan (10) 34

Other (11) 2

Terminal Departure 11,581

With Relocation Grant (12) 11,252

Without Relocation Grant (13) 108

Armed Forces (7) 64

Institution (8) 20

Mental 14

Penal 3

Other 3

Department of Justice Internment (9) 136

Internment 86

Voluntary Internment 50

To Japan 0

Other (11) 1

Death (14) 300

Transfer to Center (15)

Central Utah 89

Gila River 101

Granada 70

Heart Mountain 52

Jerome 18

Manzanar 22

Minidoka 11

Rohwer 27

Tule Lake 1,437

-Regular 5

-Segregation 1,432

Final Leave Status -- Assigned Persons (16) 142

Indefinite Leave

Relocation Purposes 65

Education 2

Employment 41

Join or Accompany Family 22

Terminal Departure 77

Without Relocation Grant 76

Armed Forces 1

NOTES:

(1) Refers to evacuee leaving the center to attend a college, university or business or professional school. Doses not include children accompanying parents. Also does not include a number of persons who worked part time to finance their schooling.

(2) Refers to evacuees making arrangements to live in a hotel, hostel, or in a private home approved by a relocation Officer while arranging for employment and to evacuee going to an area pursuant to a notice from a Relocation Officer that the area was approved and there were jobs available.

(3) Refers to an evacuee accepting employment or otherwise engaged in an occupational field.

(4) Refers to evacuees, including children who had not reached their 17th birthday and other dependents, who were accompanying or going to join an evacuees who was relocating or who had already relocated.

(5) Refers to families with one or more non-Japanese members, and to individuals of partial non-Japanese ancestry who were allowed to return to the evacuated area prior to January 3, 1945. (the date the West Coast was re-opened to persons of Japanese descent).

(6) Refers to evacuees who were permitted to return to their houses in the evacuated area of Arizona which had been reclassified as a "free area".

(7) Refers to evacuees notified by local Selective Service boards to report for induction into armed forces; to evacuees commissioned or accepted for enlistment in the Army, Navy, or auxiliary military language schools; to evacuees volunteering to the armed forces; and to the evacuees accepted for enlistment in the WAC, etc.

(8) Refers to evacuees entering mental, other medical and penal institutions.

(9) Refers to evacuees transferred to the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice. Interment refers to aliens interned under the war power of the U.S. Government, deported, or held pending deportation proceedings by the Department of Justice. Voluntary internment refers to family members (Citizens and aliens), who, of their own volition, joined an interned alien at Crystal City Family Internment Camp.

(10) Refers to evacuees leaving for Japan, including repatriates, expatriates, and family members.

(11) Refers to unauthorized departures from WRA centers, including a hospital patient who wandered into the desert, and a fugitive who escaped into the desert, and a mentally deficient young woman who disappeared.

(12) Refers to evacuees leaving the custody of WAR who requested and were granted financial assistance.

(13) Refers to evacuees leaving the custody of WRA who did not receive financial assistance, including evacuees who over-stayed the expiration date of a short-term or seasonal leave and were automatically converted to a terminal departure without grant.

(14) Refers to deaths occurring to evacuees in resident at centers or away from centers on short-term and seasonal leave.

(15) Refers to evacuees transferring to a second center from the original or first center of admission or assignment. In certain instances refers to evacuees transferring to a third or fourth center from the second center before departing for the list time from the custody of WRA. Transfers between any two centers are not necessarily equal (See transfers from centers in Table 3) because each center accounted for the type of original entry and the type of final departure for every individual coming under its custody; for example, the first center will not account for an individual as being a transfer who transfer to a second center, returns to the first center, and finally departs from the custody of WRA from the first center; the second center will, however, account for the individual in question as being a transfer to and from the first center.

(16) Refers to evacuees who were issued final leave status without being admitted to the center of assignment, including 1. seasonal workers released by WCCA from assembly centers and direct evacuation areas who were assigned to WRA centers, and 2. seasonal workers from Jerome and Tule Lake who were assigned to other centers.

Statistics 1

Table 5. Location of Centers: Date First Evacuee Arrived; Date and Size of Peak Resident Population; Number of Days Center in Operation and Date Last Resident Departed: WRA Centers from Inception to Closing

Location:

State: Arizona

County: Yuma

Last Post Office Address: Poston

Date First Evacuee Arrived: 5/8/1942

Peak Population

Date: 9/2/1942

Population: 17,814

Days Center in Operation: 1,301

Date Last Resident Departed: 11/28/1945

Relocation: Why some picked Colorado

Weld’s foreign-born residents considered potential “enemy aliens” during World War II.

By Peggy Ford Waldo
Programming Curator, Greeley (Colorado) History Museum

......Throughout Colorado, anti-Japanese sentiment was high. The Greeley Jaycees and a large contingent of local farmers issued a moratorium against accepting the Japanese from the West Coast as farm workers. A voter-sponsored ballot initiative to prevent aliens from owning land was introduced but defeated.

Gov. Ralph L. Carr was the only U.S. governor to graciously extend an invitation for the Japanese evacuees to come to Colorado. Carr, a Republican, served as governor from 1939-1943 and was a humanitarian and a champion of civil rights. He was aware that two-thirds of the Japanese being uprooted from their West Coast homes, farms and businesses were not first-generation Japanese but second- and third-generation American-born citizens. Carr noted that they were “loyal Americans, sharing only race with the enemy.” Carr didn’t believe they were a security threat and didn’t require military security at Camp Amache.

In a speech, Carr said, “If you harm them, you harm me. I was brought up in a small town where I knew the shame and dishonor of race hatred. I grew to despise it because it threatened the happiness of you, and you, and you.”

Source: http://www.greeleytribune.com/article/20110113/NEWS/701139979/1002&parentprofile=1001

NOTE: In 1943, many Poston internees found private employment in Colorado, their first job after being released from Poston, Arizona.

Teacher-Miss Edythe Backus

Miss Edythe Backus was a Pasadena area teacher who had several Japanese Americans in her classes before World War II. She was one of many who objected to government policy. She corresponded with her former students and gave up her teaching position in Southern California to volunteer to teach at the Colorado River Relocation Camp at Poston, Arizona.

Students whose senior year had been interrupted by internment published a mimeographed high school yearbook at the end of their first school year at Poston.

The high school principal and some of the teachers volunteered to work at Poston while other staff members were recruited from high school graduates that were

interred in the camps.

After the war, she turned over her collection of memorabilia including correspondence, photographs, school year-books, and watercolor sketches by students at Poston to The Huntington Library.

Source: http://www.huntington.org/uploadedFiles/Files/PDFs/LHTHinternment.pdf