Ejected by a barber

Hero’s Reward: Wounded Japanese-American soldier

Ejected by a Barber, WRA Charges

     POSTON, Ariz., Nov. 11, 1944 (AP)—The War Relocation Authority reported today that a crippled Japanese American Army private, wearing many service ribbons, had been ejected from a civilian barber shop near this WRA center because of the owner’s objection to his ancestry.

    Andy Hale, the barber, acknowledged he had ordered the soldier Thursday not to come into his shop but denied shoving or forcing the infantryman.

     The WRA said the veteran, walking with a crutch, had been shoved from the establishment.

     Hale, father of three sons in the armed service, said a sign on the front of his Parker (Ariz.) shop reads: “Japs keep out, you rat.”

   “I didn’t want none of their business,” Hale asserted. “They might close me up bit I sure as hell won’t work on a Jap”. 

 

Andy Hale's Barber Shop front door sign Parker, Ariz.

“ALL THE SAME”

    Hale, in answer to a question, said it made no difference to him whether the Japanese Americans were civilians or soldiers. “They look just alike to me,” explained the Fort Worth (Tex.) native who has lived 20 years in Arizona.

   Mrs. Pauline Brown, reports officer for the WRA center, said the soldier was Pvt. Raymond Matsuda, 29, former resident of Hawaii, who was shot in the knee on the Italian front July 22.

     Matsuda, Mrs. Brown related, was wearing seven Army ribbons and badges, including the Combat Infantryman’s Badge and the Purple Heart.

     He served two years overseas, she reported with the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, an outstanding unit on the Italian front.

NISEI’S STORY

     Mrs. Brown said Matsuda came to visit friends here.  He has been at the Army’s Hammond General Hospital at Modesto, Calif.  She reported Matsuda gave this version of the incident:

    Matsuda went into the shop without noticing the sign and was confronted by Hale, who said, “Can’t you see that sign?”

    The soldier replied he hadn’t noticed but even so he was wearing a U.S. Army uniform.  Hale then shoved him out the door.

     Hale said “I didn’t touch the soldier—he didn’t even come into the shop. I met him at the door and told him not to come in.  That’s all there was to it.”

Source: San Francisco Chronicle, November 12, 1944

Photo: National Archives (210-CCIN-4)

Disposition of the Draft Resisters

Federal Judge Raps Treatment of Nisei Group During War

101 Evacuees Who Refused To Report for Induction Fined One Cent Each in U.S. Court

     PHOENIX, Ariz.--In a ruling which severely criticized treatment accorded persons of Japanese ancestry during the war, Federal District Judge David Ling imposed fines of one cent each upon 101 Americans of Japanese ancestry for failure to respond to selective service calls while at the Colorado River relocation center at Poston, Arizona.

     The 101 defendants had claimed that they had refused to answer Army induction calls on the ground  that their rights as citizens had been violated by the evacuation and detention in a relocation center.

     Judge Ling commended that the evacuation, according to Army officials on the West Coast, was carried out because of a fear of sabotage from persons of Japanese ancestry, and drafting of the evacuees who were interned in relocation centers was inconsistent with the mass evacuation program.

     The Federal Judge agreed with the argument presented by A.L. Wirin of Los Angeles, representing the 101 evacuees that the resentment of the defendants to the draft, because of the unjust treatment accorded them in the evacuation and detention, was a natural reaction.  He also ruled that the detention of the defendants at the Poston relocation center was punishment in advance for any offense which they may have committed by refusing to accept induction.

     The court granted stays of executions of six months to three other defendants who were tried, convicted, and sentenced to one year in test cases in 1945 before the end of the war.

     "That will give them time to apply for executive clemency from the President of the United States which will no doubt be granted," Judge Ling said.

     Mr. Wirin called the attention of the court to the fact that all of the defendants, upon their release from Poston, were not unwilling to volunteer their services in the Army or submit to the orders of their draft  board for induction and that twelve also had volunteered and were serving in the Army.

     Counsel for the defendants indicated that all of those under indictment were willing to enter the Army if given probation on that condition.

     The court waived this suggestion aside in imposing the one-cent fines and granting stays of the sentences already imposed. 

Source: Pacific Citizen.October 12, 1946, page 3

Press Postscripts

 From the TRIBUNE, Oakland, California. January 2, 1945 

Kakuichi Sadamune, 56, started the New year reunited with his family at 220 6th Street, Oakland after nearly three years at a Japanese relocation center in Poston, Arizona. 
His eldest son, Alfred, a Technical High School graduate in 1933 was seriously wounded in France....another son, Raymond, 26, has been a private in the Army since March  1941 and has spent most of the past two years in foxholes fighting to recover Pacific bases from the Japanese.  He is now believed to be on Leyte Island. 

The Voice of the Nisei message

This is an English translation of the item "Handbill with List of Demands by the Voice of Nisei" (ARC Identifier 2641503) that was posted at the Colorado River Relocation Center in Poston, Arizona. (circa 1944)

TO THE GENTLEMEN OF 17 YEARS TO 38 YEARS OF AGE

As you know fellow Americans, at last they did recognize and realize that we are Americans.  We are going to be drafted soon, just like an American outside enjoying the freedom and liberty.  But, don't you think they should reconsider the steps that they had taken?

As we believe that Mr. Roosevelt's speech at the Congress was not merely an excuse to draft us to soldier's and die in vain, we are demanding the following as an American Citizen:

(1) Personal apology from Gen Dewitt regarding his statement "Jap is Jap" and be expelled from his office.  We also want apology from Major Bowron and Gov. Warren, and American Legion of Cal.

(2) Freedom, Rights and Privilege should not be denied in California, militarily, economically, and politically.

(3) Open the barb-wire and withdraw the Guard-duty of M.P.

(4) Such signs as "No Jap," "You Rat", "No Orientals or Colored admitted" and etc. which were familiar in California, must be taken down throughout the U.S.A.

(5) No discrimination upon Japanese securing occupations.

(6) Every opportunity must be given to the Japanese soldier for advancement in the Air Corps, in the Army, and in the Marine Corps.

(7) Japanese soldier must be mixed with other Caucasian soldier to fight side by side.

      VOICE OF NISEI

President Truman's Amnesty Board Proclamation 2762

Harry S. Truman  1945-1953 Files

PROCLAMATION 2762

GRANTING PARDON TO CERTAIN PERSONS CONVICTED OF VIOLATING THE SELECTIVE TRAINING AND SERVICE ACT OF 1940 AS AMENDED

WHEREAS by Executive Order No. 9814 of December 23, 1946,(1) there was established the President's Amnesty Board, the functions and duties of which were set out in paragraph 2 of the said Executive order as follows:

"The Board, under such regulations as it may prescribe, shall examine and consider the cases of all persons convicted of violation of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 301 ff.), or of any rule or regulation prescribed under or pursuant to that Act, or convicted of a conspiracy to violate that Act or any rule or regulation prescribed under or pursuant thereto. In any case in which it deems it desirable to do so, the Board shall make a report to the Attorney General which shall include its findings and its recommendations as to whether Executive clemency should be granted or denied, and, in any case in which it recommends that Executive clemency be granted, its recommendations with respect to the form that such clemency should take. The Attorney General shall report the findings and recommendations of the Board to the President, with such further recommendations as he may desire to make."

and

WHEREAS the Board, after considering all cases coming within the scope of paragraph 2 of the said Executive order, has made a report to the Attorney General, which includes the findings of the Board and its recommendation that Executive clemency be granted in certain of such cases; and

WHEREAS the Attorney General has submitted such report to me with his approval of the recommendation made by the Board with respect to Executive clemency; and

WHEREAS upon consideration of the report and recommendation of the Board and the recommendation of the Attorney General, it appears that certain persons convicted of violating the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 as amended ought to have restored to them the political, civil, and other rights of which they were deprived by reason of such conviction and which may not be restored to them unless they are pardoned:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United States of America, under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by Article II of the Constitution of the United States, do hereby grant a full pardon to those persons convicted of violating the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 as amended whose names are included in the list of names attached hereto and hereby made a part of this proclamation.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the City of Washington this 23rd day of December in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and forty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and seventy-second. [SEAL]

HARRY S. TRUMAN

By the President:

ROBERT A. LOVETT,
Acting Secretary of State.

(1) 3 CFR 1946 Supp.


LIST OF NAMES

Name, Date Convicted and U.S. District Court

10. Akim, Alfred, May 29, 1942, Hawaii.
11. Akutsu, Hitoshi Gene, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
12. Akutsu, Jim Hajime, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.

22. Amate, Atsushi Archie, Oct. 8, 1945, Colorado.

38. Asai, Dix Takuro, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.
39. Asai, Fred Teruo, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.

344. Eto, Yukio, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
385. Fujihara, Shiro, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
386. Fujii, John Jiro, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
387. Fujii, Shigeru, May 26, 1944, Wyoming.
388. Fujimoto, Albert Kenji, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
389. Fujinaka, Tatsuo George, Feb. 21, 1945, So. Idaho.
390. Fujioka, Tom Tamotsu, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
391. Fujioka, Yasuto, Nov. 8, 1946, Arizona.
392. Fujita, Hideo Frank, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
393. Fujiwara, Hideyuki Henry, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
394. Fujizawa, Teruo, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
396. Furusaki, Joseph, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.

413. Get, Lim Sing, Dec. 11, 1943, No. California.

429. Goishi, Kazuto Jimmy, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.

474. Han, Paul Ba Wool Han, Jan. 26, 1945, Hawaii.

487. Hashimoto, Masaru, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
489. Hatakeda, Jimmie Junichi, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.

497. Hayami, Yoshito Smith, Oct.r 2, 1944, Idaho.

520. Heya, James Kenji, June 30, 1944, Colorado.

525. Higuchi, Mutsuo, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.

533. Hino, Bob Riyusho, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
534. Hino, Frank Schinichi, Feb. 22, 1945, So. Idaho.
535. Hirabayashi, Gordon Kiyoshi, Nov. 30, 1944, E. Wash.
536. Hirabayashi, Henry Nobuo, Oct. 2, 1944, Idaho.
537. Hirabayashi, Irvin Masanobu, Nov. 4, 1944, Utah.
538. Hirai, Toru, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
539. Hiramoto, Shizuto, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
540. Hirata, Tomoharu Henry, May 20, 1944, E. Arkansas.
541. Hirayama, Susumu Harold, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
542. Hirose, Kazuki, July 9, 1945, Wyoming
543. Hirose, Kazuto, July 26, 1944, Wyoming.
544. Hiroshige, Akira, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

552. Honda, Selichi, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
553. Hoopai, William Kahalewai, Nov. 9, 1942, Hawaii.

557. Hora, Sadao, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
558. Hori, Takeshi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
559. Horino, George Minoru, July 9, 1945, Wyoming
560. Hoshizaki, Takashi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

573. Ide, Takao Grant, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
574. Ikemiya, Joe Yoshikazi, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
575. Ikemiya, Masaru Jim, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
576. Ikemoto, Harry Yoshiaki, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
577. Imai, Masefumi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
578. Inaba, Hitoshi, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.
580. Ino, Toru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
581. Inoue, Chozo, Jan. 2, 1943, Hawaii.
582. Inouye, George Washington, Oct. 7, 1946, Arizona.
583. Ioka, Harry Schuichi, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.
585. Ishikawa, George, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
586. Ishikawa, Kiyoshi, June 26, 1944.
587. Ishikawa, Suetsugu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming
588. Ishikawa, Takeo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
589. Ishikawa, Yoshimitsu, Oct. 31, 1944, Colorado.
590. Ishimaru, Junichi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming
591. Ishimaru, Yutaka, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
592. Ishimoto, George Kenichi, Oct. 8, 1945, Colorado.
593. Ishimoto, Harry Kenji, Oct 8, 1945, Colorado.
594. Ishimoto, Takao, Oct 8, 1945, Colorado.
595. Ishizaki, Sam Isamu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
596. Isomura, Iwaharu, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado
597. Ito, Hideo, June 30, 1944, Colorado
599. Izuno, Masaichi, June 30, 1944, Colorado.

648. Kado, James Yoshio, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
649. Kajimura, Hareo, Sept 25, 1944, Idaho.
650. Kajimura, Tsutomu, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
651. Kaminaka, Joe, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
652. Kaminaka, Tamotsu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
653. Kanaga, Keith C., Dec 2, 1940, Mass.
654. Kariya, Masashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
655. Kariya, Yoneo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

658. Kasahara, George Shigaki, Dec 29, 1944, Idaho.
659. Kashiwagi, Joe, Oct 31, 1944, Colorado.

664. Katayama, Shigeru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

667. Kauwe, John Pohuwe, May 12, 1942, Hawaii.
668. Kawahara, Katsuyoshi, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
669. Kawakami, Frank Masao, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
670. Kawaki, Mosayuki, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
671. Kawamoto, David Tetsutaro, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
672. Kawamoto, James Takao, April 1, 1946, Arizona.
673. Kawamoto, Kiyoshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
674. Kawasaki,  Jimmie, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
675. Kawasaki,  Kiyoto, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
676. Kawasaki,  Thomas Tomeji, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
677. Kawato, Yukio, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
678. Kaya, Larry Yoshio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
680. Keawe, Daniel, Aug 18, 1942, Hawaii.

688. Kelwyma, George, Aug 12, 1943, Arizona.
689. Kenmotsu, Shigeo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

698. Kimura, Frank Yoshimatsu, Oct 2, 1944, Iowa.
699. Kimura, Hideo, July 21, 1942, Hawaii.
700. Kimura, Jim Tatsuya, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

703. Kinoshita, Teruo, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
705. Kishi, Masakiyo Michael, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
706. Kitasaki, Kiyoshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
707. Kitauchi, Masaichi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
708. Kitayama, Kaoru, Feb 22, 1945, Idaho.
710. Kiyomizu, Shozo, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.

717. Kodama, George Katsumi, Feb 21, 1945, Idaho.
718. Kodama, Lui Ikuyo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
719. Kofuksado, Mitsugi, Oct 17, 1942, Hawaii.
720. Koga, Dix K., Feb 6, 1942, No. California.
721. Kojima, Masao, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

726. Koshiyama, Mitsuru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming

733. Kubo, Tomeo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
734. Kubo, Yoshi, Oct 30, 1944, Colorado.
736. Kujawa, Anthony, July 20, 1944, Eastern New York.
738. Kumada, Kazuo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
739. Kuramoto, Yutaka Ted, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
740. Kuranaga, Heruytuki, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
741. Kurasaki, George Noboru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
742. Kuromiya, Yoshita, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
743. Kuroye, Kenneth, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
744. Kuwada, Makoto Jim, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
745. Kuwahara, John Takashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

761. Lausa, Philip, Jan 12, 1943, Hawaii.
 

817. Maruhashi, Hutaka Frank, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
818. Maruyama, Kenichi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
819. Maruyama, Shigeo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
820. Maruyama, Yukio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
822. Masukawa, Kitashi John, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
823. Masukawa, Tsutomu Tom, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
825. Matsuba, George Kazuo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
826. Matsubara, Sadao, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona
827. Matsumoto, Akira, June 26, 144, Wyoming.
828. Matsumoto, Minoru Corky, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
829. Matsumoto, Teruo, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
830. Matsumoto, Toshimitsu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
831. Matsushita, Kikuji, Oct 9, 1945, Wyoming.
832. Matsuura, Frank Morikazu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
833. Matsuzaki, Frank T., Oct  2, 1944, Idaho.

837. Mayekawa, Masao, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

864. Meng, Charles Joseph, June 2, 1943, Western Penn..

873. Minatani, James Masaichi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
874. Minato, Kiyoshi, Oct  7, 1946, Arizona.
875. Minoura, Halley, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

879. Mitsuoka, Mitsuru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
880. Miyahara, Tamio Tom, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
881. Miyamura, Koyoshi, Oct  7, 1946, Arizona.
882. Miyasaki, James Goro, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
883. Miyasaki, Masanobo, Oct  7, 1946, Arizona.
884. Miyasaki, Thomas Shiro, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

896. Mori, Hiroyoshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
897. Mori, Chigeo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
898. Mori, Sutio Bill, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
899. Morikawa, Hiroshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
901. Morine, Robert Harold, Feb 17, 1943, Hawaii.
902. Morita, Ichiro, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

906. Motonaga, Ray Yoshio, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

910. Murata, George Matsuji, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
911. Murata, Paul Selichi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
922. Nagahara, Masao, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
923. Nagakura, Hiroshi Nakamura, Jan 18, 1943, Hawaii.
924. Nagasugi, Hiroto, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
925. Nagata, Kunio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
926. Naha, Lewis Kooyouhema, Aug 12, 1943, Arizona.
927. Naito, Takashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
928. Nakada, Carl Koaru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
929. Nakagawa, George, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
930. Nakagawa, George, April 28, 1945, No. California.
931. Nakaguma, Yoshitatusu, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
932. Nakahira, Satoru Joseph, Nov 18, 1944, Utah.
933. Nakamura, Jerry Masao, Jan 19, 1943, Hawaii.
934. Nakamura, Migaki, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
935. Nakamuri, Kazumi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
936. Nakasaki, William Harumi, May 22, 1944, Arizona.
937. Nakashiki, Kaiso Fred, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
938. Nakashima, Yoneo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
939. Nakashina, Isao, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
940. Nakatsu, George, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
941. Nakayama, Iwao James, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
942. Nakayama, Masakaz, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
944. Naruto, Tochiharu Frank, Jan 19, 1945, Colorado.

956. Nii, Harry, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
957. Niino, George Schigehi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
959. Nimura, Takanori, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
960. Nishi, Itaro, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
961. Nishimura, Robert Nubuo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
963. Nobuhiro, Ben Tsutomu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
965. Noel, Bernard Woodrow, Aug 3, 1942, Arizona.
966. Noguchi, Tsutomu Ben, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
968. Norikane, Joe Hajime, Oct 31, 1944, Colorado.

972. Nosaka Kanichi, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
974. Nozawa, George Goro, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
976. Numoto, Saburo, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.

980. Ogata, Ben Tsutomi, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
981. Ogata, Hisashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
982. Okada, Masao Ted, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
983. Okawa, Ichiro, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
984. Okazaki, Kiyoshi, July 6, 1942, Hawaii.
985. Okazaki, Satoru Fred, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
986. Oki, Tadashi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
987. Oki, Yoshio Tom, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
988. Okuma, Toru Fred, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
989. Okumura, Hideo, March 27, 1944, Arizona.

  999. Omori, John Takashi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1000. Omoto, Nubuo, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
1001. Omoto, Roy Yasuo, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.

1004. Otsu, Ninoru, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
1007. Oye, Hiromu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1008. Ozawa, Yoshikazu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

1145. Sakaguchi, Kunichika, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
1146. Sakaguchi, Sumio, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
1148. Sakamoto, Hisanari, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1149. Sakamoto, Hisatoshi Harry, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1150. Sakaniwa, Michio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1151. Sakata, Tom Minoru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1152. Sako, James Satoru, June 16, 1944, Wyoming.
1153. Sako, Tamotsu Tom, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1184. Segura, John Frank, June 2, 1942, Colorado.

1199. Shibata, Takeo, June 20, 1944, E. Arkansas.
1200. Shigemasa, George Takeshi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1201. Shimada, Harry Masao, Jan 9, 1943, Hawaii.
1202. Shimane, Chester Toru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1203. Shimane, Fred Katsumi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1204. Shimane, George Fujio, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1205. Shimane, Isamu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1206. Shimane, June, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1207. Shimizu, Mineto, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1208. Shimizu, Sunao Mike, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1209. Shimpo, Toshio Tom, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1211. Shinta, Kengi, June 26, 1941, Wyoming.
1212. Shinzu, Osamu Sam, June 20, 1944, E. Arkansas.

1293. Sugihara, George Jiro, Jan 25, 1946, Utah.
1294. Sugita, George, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1295. Sugita, Toyoji, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1296. Suko, Shoji, Oct 23, 1944, Idaho.

1299. Sumi, Noboru, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1300. Sumi, Sachio Bill, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1301. Sumida, ken Kenroku, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1302. Sumida, Robert Masashi, June 22, 1945, Montana.
1303. Suzuki, Attushi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1304. Suzuki, Masayo, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1305. Suzuki, Shizumi, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1312. Taege, Everett Clarence, Sept 21, 1942, Nebraska.
1313. Taguma, Norboru, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1314. Tainaka, Kenichi Ken, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1315. Tajii, Gengo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1316. Tajii, Kingo, June 11, 1945, Arizona.
1317. Takahashi, George Toshiharu, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1318. Takhashi, Teruo Slim, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1319. Takamoto, George Shihio, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1320. Takamoto, Yoshio, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1321. Takasaki, Noboru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1322. Takashima, Mamoru, Feb 20, 1945, Idaho.
1323. Takeguma, Hideichi, June 11, 1945, Arizona.
1324. Takeuchi, Hideo, Oct 30, 1944, Colorado.
1325. Tamashiro, Masanobu, Dec 21, 1942, Hawaii.
1326. Tamashiro, Shunsho, Oct 24, 1942, Hawaii.
1327. Tamesa, Minola, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1328. Tanabe, George Naoichi, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1329. Tanabe, Shigeharu, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1330. Tanahara, Deo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1331. Tanaka, Leo Riniche, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1333. Tashiro, Frank Kiyoshi, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.

1356. Tono, Jack Kiyoto, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

1365. Tsunoda, Ken, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1366. Tsuyuki, Sumio, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

1375. Uyechi, Joe Kejo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1376. Uyeda, George Susumu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1377. Uyeda, James Tsutomu, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1378. Uyeda, Riyuo, June 30, 1944, Colorado.
1379. Uyeda, Roy Masao, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1380. Uyemoto, Terry Teruo, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
1381. Uyenura, Torao, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1382. Uyeno, Shigero, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.

1418. Watanabe, Hirom, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1479. Yamada, Fumio Bill, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1480. Yamada, Samuel, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1481. Yamakawa, Toyoji, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1482. Yamakido, Joe Atsumi, Oct 24, 1944, Eastern Ark.
1483. Yamamato, Yukio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1484. Yamamoto, Yutaka, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1485. Yamamura, Masakazu, Sept 25, 1944, Idaho.
1486. Yamasaki, Hedio Frank, Sept 29, 1944, Idaho.
1487. Yamasaki, Junichi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1488. Yamauchi, Hiroshi, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
1489. Yamauchi, Sosuki, Dec 27, 1944, Hawaii.
1490. Yamazumi, George Katamori, July 18, 1944, Colorado.
1491. Yanagisako, Edward Hiromu, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1492. Yano, Ben, March 27, 1944, Arizona.
1493. Yasuda, Kentaro, Oct 2, 1944, Idaho.
1494. Yasuda, Minoru, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1495. Yenokida, Susumu, June 30-, 19044, Colorado.
1496. Yenokida, Tsutumo Ben, Oct 28, 1944, Colorado.
1498. Yokoyama, Harry Shoji, Oct 20, 1941, Hawaii.
1499. Yoneo, Domon, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1500. Yoshida, George Maseo, June 26, 1944, Wyoming.
1501. Yoshida, Kei, July 9, 1945, Wyoming.
1502. Yoshida, Kenichiro Mike, Nov 4, 1944, Utah.
1503.  Yoshida, Sakaye, Nov 4, 1944, Utah.
1504. Yoshida, Shingo, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1505. Yoshimura, Fumio, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1506. Yoshimura, John Yoshikiko, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.
1507. Yoshimura, Niro Dick, Sept 30, 1944, Idaho.

1510. Young, Lee Daniel, Aug 15, 1944, So. California.

1513. Yumen, Ben Tsutomi, Oct 7, 1946, Arizona.

 

Source: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/proclamations/index.php

Army Enlistment and Leave Clearance Registration and Question 28

On January 28, 1943, Secretary of War Stimson announced that the War Department would soon create an all Nisei combat team to be composed of volunteer Japanese-Americans including many from relocation centers.  In connection with the call for volunteers, it was decided to conduct a special registration of male Nisei, 17 years of age and over, at all relocation centers, and to use the forms obtained as a basis for determining eligibility of volunteers for service in the combat team, for certifying individuals as eligible for work in defense industries, to facilitate WRA leave clearance, and to facilitate the possible future drafting of Nisei.  For this purpose the War Department, in cooperation with WRA, devised a special 4-page questionnaire, Statement of United States Citizen of Japanese Ancestry, DSS Form 304A.

Using as a model the questionaire worked out by the Army, WRA revised a form previously in use, Application for Leave Clearance, for the leave clearance registration of all other center residents.  This form was known as WRA-126 Rev., War Relocation Authority Application for Leave Clearance.

Although there were 28 questions on DSS Form 304A and 33 on WRA-126 Rev., the question which is summarized in this section, the so-called loyalty question, is number 28 on both forms.  Soon after registration began, a substitute question for aliens was sent to all centers. 

Question 28 on Form DSS 304A for male citizens 17 years of age and over is as follows:

  

     "Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and faithfully defend the United States from any or all attack by foreign or domestic forces, and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, or any other foreign government, power, or organization?"

Question 28 on form WRA-126 Rev. for female citizens 17 years of age and over is as follows:

 " Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States of America and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, or any other foreign government, power or organization?"

Revised Question 28 on Form WRA-126 Rev. for all aliens 17 years of age and over is as follows:

"Will you swear to abide by the laws of the United States and to take no action which would in any way interfere with the war effort of the United States?"

All "qualified" answers have been combined inasmuch as the intent sees to be the same:  "No, unless...", or "Yes, if....."




TABLE 74. FINAL REGISTRATION RESULTS ON DSS FORM 304A AND FORM WRA-126 REV.

NOTE:  Refers to final replies to Question 28 for all evacuees 17 years of age and over who resided in Colorado River WRA Center during February and March of 1943 when the Army Enlistment and WRA Leave Clearance Registration program was carried out.  Final replies reflect changes from original answers submitted between date of registration and Sept 1943.  Also included in tables are evacuees who were registered between March and Sept 1943 as they reached the age of 17.

Colorado River Center  (Poston) Total Eligible to Register:  12,644

   Male citizens...................................... 3,474

   Female citizens................................. 3,274

   Male aliens........................................  3,496

   Female aliens...................................  2,400

Did Not Register: .....................................  0

Answer to Question # 28

Male citizens:

   Yes....................................................   2,858

   Qualified Answer...............................  115

   No........................................................   501

   Did not answer ...................................... 0

   Unknown................................................. 0

Female citizens:

    Yes..................................................... 3,119

    Qualified Answer .................................22

    No.......................................................... 117

    Did not answer ....................................16

    Unknown ................................................0

Male aliens
    Yes.....................................................3,478

    Qualified Answer.................................. 0

    No ..........................................................12

   Did not answer...................................... 6

   Unknown ................................................0

Female aliens
    Yes .................................................. 2,388

    Qualified Answer................................. 3

    No............................................................ 4

    Did not answer..................................... 5

    Unknown................................................0

Source: The Evacuated People A Quantitative Description. U.S. Department of the Interior, J.A. Krug, Secretary, War Relocation Authority D.S. Myer, Director. 1946